Coding 101 30 (Transcript)

Shannon Morse: On today’s wild card episode of Coding 101, we’re back from Def Con and we’re bringing you all of the things.

Netcasts you love, from people you trust. This is TWiT! Bandwidth for Coding 101 is provided by Cachefly; at C-A-C-H-E-F-L-Y dot com.

Fr. Robert Ballecer, SJ: Welcome to Coding 101, it’s the show where we let you into the wonderful world of the code monkey. I’m Father Robert Ballecer.

Shannon: And I’m Shannon Morse, and for the next thirty minutes, we are going to get you all, well not really, coded up.

Fr. Robert: Not coded up.

Shannon: We are going to have some fun with projects and items from Def Con.

Fr. Robert: Yeah, Def Con, that’s right. Now the wild card episodes fit between the modules.

Shannon: Yes.

Fr. Robert: In the past we’ve always done an interview, but we thought, we should probably, since this as Black Hat Def Con Week, we’d show you some of the things that both of us geeked out over during our trip to Las Vegas.

Shannon: Def Con, for me, is my favorite convention every single year and I always try to come back with some new knowledge, and since I’ve been doing Coding 101, I’ve been learning a lot more about software and the hardware side of things, especially when it comes down to all the really cool challenges that they have at the conventions.

Fr. Robert: Yeah, and that’s actually one of the things I love about Def Con. If you’ve never been to Def Con it’s a challenge based conference. It’s not one of these places where you go and you sit and you listen to talks. You can do that, but that would be a waste of your time, because all of the talks from Def Con can be found online afterwards.

Shannon: The talks are super awesome.

Fr. Robert: They are great talks; in fact, I wanted to see two of the talks, but the lines were so long I was like, no, I’ll watch it later.

Shannon: I didn’t get to see any of them, so I viewed them instead.

Fr. Robert: Exactly. That’s the only way to do it. But the nice thing about Def Con, as we talked about, is the competitions. There are so many competitions that you can do. There’s capture the flag, so if you want to be part of a team, it’s a computer based network competition, where you try to defend your servers, and attack other servers. There are things like the crypto challenge that we’re going to talk about a little bit later.

Shannon: Yea!

Fr. Robert: Things like in the hardware hacking village, there was the best badge modification that you could make, So you go down the line, and there’s all these little things that can attract people of any interests in the Def Con. That’s one of the things I like about the show.

Shannon: And the reason we wanted to bring these things up on coding 101 is because a lot of these different coding challenges, they involve programming.

Fr. Robert: And even those that aren’t specifically about programming something, it always helps to understand how code works, because then you could start to imagine, well, they probably left an exploit here, or they probably left a buffer I can overflow here, or even if you aren’t programming at all, if you understand how the mind of a programmer works, it really helps to, say, do one of the challenges. Like, one of my personal favorites: I don’t have any video of it but, they had a new one called What’s in the Box.

Shannon: Oh, Yes.

Fr. Robert: What’s in the Box!

Shannon: So awesome.

Fr. Robert: It was in the hardware hacking village, and the idea was they had a box within a box within a box. And you had to open the third box. Now most people are like, ok open the box.

Shannon: Just open up the box. But it’s tamper evident.

Fr. Robert: Yep! So the rules were you couldn’t destroy the box, you had to leave it in the same condition as when you found it, you couldn’t set off any of the sensors, so they had like light sensors and movement sensors, and latch sensors, and there was a time limit, there was a ten minute time limit. So you could watch the people who went before you, so there was whole, an accumulation of knowledge.

Shannon: Right.

Fr. Robert: But it was amazing to see how people quickly learned to defeat various sensors on each day. I actually really wanted to do that one. I didn’t have time, but next year.

Shannon: I didn’t so that one.

Fr. Robert: Yeah, yeah. So we’re going to talk about something a little bit different. Some of the topics we got from Def Con were more suitable for our audience than others. The first one is SDR. What is SDR?

Shannon: Yea! So SDR stands for Software Defined Radio. In particular, I’ve been really, really obsessed with this recently. I’ve delved into from everything to learning to plug a radio simply into your computer to listen to FM stations, to how to track airplanes on a map, on a graphical map on my machine, just from the data that is sucked in from this teeny tiny little antenna. And you can actually do those kinds of things.

Fr. Robert: Right.

Shannon: So software defined radio basically makes it very, very easy, even if you aren’t a HAM radio operator, to actually delve in to a little more information about frequencies and wavelengths and how the patterns come into your computer and are accepted as data, as opposed to just radio frequencies. You can learn so much about like, listening to truckers in your area, just very, very simple things.

Fr. Robert: Right.

Shannon: But you can also do things such as be able to, not really unencrypt, but understand the data that is coming through GSM frequencies from cell phones, which is something I recently on Hack Five, a show that I do on Real Vision Three dot com. So this is my new favorite thing; I’m super, super obsessed with it; these are about twenty dollars online and very easy to use.

Fr. Robert: And I got mine from a hack shop.

Shannon: Oh, did you?

Fr. Robert: I wonder where you are able to find a hack shop?

Shannon: Thank you.

Fr. Robert: You’ll find it in the show notes. One of the cool things about SDR, software defined radio, as opposed to what we used to play with, where we had a radio…

Shannon: Giant, big boxes.

Fr. Robert: Huge boxes or, you had to buy a different set for every series of frequencies you wanted to tap into.

Shannon: Yeah.

Fr. Robert: Today’s SDRs are ridiculously inexpensive.

Shannon: Super, super, super, super…

Fr. Robert: Down to twenty bucks.

Shannon: Yeah.

Fr. Robert: And you can adjust them, in software, on the fly, as to which frequencies they’re listening in to. And the big one is, if you have a little bit of skill, you can actually take the cryptic communications and you use the power of your computer to unencrypt them.

Shannon: That’s very, very true. So on my computer, for example, I’m not really unencrypting any crazy amounts of information…

Fr. Robert: Because we don’t want to get arrested.

Shannon: Exactly. So we don’t really show that kind of information on the show. But you’ll notice that…

Fr. Robert: What are we looking at?

Shannon: I’m on WFM, it’s kind of weird, but it’s wide band FM, so this is where you would usually pick up radio stations. This is on a program that’s free online called SDR sharp. It’s open source, there are a bunch of different plug-ins you can use to work with it. And it works perfectly right out of the box with the USB that I have plugged in, this radio. So I just click on RTL-SDR and I hit “play” and as soon as I do I start picking up all sorts of interesting frequencies. So particularly, what am I listening to? Well, to find this specific frequency, I looked at my microphone that we are wearing for this show. So this microphone is picking up frequencies on four eight six point four zero zero. So when I plug this in, and go to four zero zero; so mine is a little bit off on here do to the fact that every single antenna is going to be a little bit different as far as its, what is it called, it’s frequency correction, which you have to fix down here.

Fr. Robert: Right.

Shannon: So if I change this to zero zero and hit enter, you see that it moves up, just a little. So it’s a little bit off kilter. That happens with every single radio that you mess with. But if I turn up the audio, you can hear an echo.

 Fr. Robert: You’re listening to yourself.

Shannon: I’m listening to myself. So other things you can listen to on here; if I wanted to I could change it to CW and I could listen to police encounters and emergency vehicles in the area. I could go to NFM and listen to weather stations, or buoys, if you are near a bay, you can listen to the beeps that are coming out of buoys.

Fr. Robert: One of the things that came out of SDR panels is just the amazement people have the first time they are playing with this, especially if you have a wide frequency scanning SDR, like this one, of how much RF there is in the world.

Shannon: Oh, its nuts. It’s all around you.

Fr. Robert: Everywhere.

Shannon: Everywhere. We talk about radio frequencies…

Fr. Robert: We talk about our wifi, we talk about our cell phones, but that’s tiny little amounts compared to what is out there. And if you have something like this, you can see that, you get a visual representation of where the spikes are, and then you can hone in on those spikes, and figure out what is going on.

Shannon:  Absolutely true. And I have another cool kind of show and tell thing, if I could share this?

Fr. Robert: Absolutely.

Shannon: So this is called the Blade RF, and it is by New End, so this is like a bigger, more hardcore version of my little teeny tiny LTR-SDR that I have plugged into my computer. I haven’t started messing with this yet, because I just got it. I didn’t fly home with it, because it looks kind of scary, so I told my friend, hey, you drove to Def Con, could you just bring this back for me? So he just got back. I’m super, super excited to check this out. Basically, it’s a USB three point oh super speed SDR.

Fr. Robert: That’s fabulous.

Shannon: Which means that you are going to pick up so much more data through this thing then you normally would be able to. I am really, really excited to check this out.

Fr. Robert: This has one additional thing. If you go look at the overhead…

Shannon: Hmm, what could this be?

Fr. Robert: Now here is the receiving port, and over here, there is a transmit port. Yes, this is for serious hacks. Whereas the SDR radio here, this little USB, its twenty bucks, but it can only receive.

Shannon: Right.

Fr. Robert: This monster can actually match a frequency and transmit.

Shannon: They are like four hundred and fifty dollars. But it can do both.

Fr. Robert: Yeah. It’s an amazing board.

Shannon: I’m so excited to play with it.

Fr. Robert: What we want you to do is pick one of these up and we don’t think you are going to tart programming right away, but what is really nice about these units since they are all using open source software, you can download the code. And even if you are a novice, start poking around, because you’ll really quickly find the code blocks that they left in place so that you can take the incoming transmissions and start running them through ciphers. It’s not the easiest thing to do, but it’s something that definitely…

Shannon: But it’s so cool!

Fr. Robert: Yeah, you will find it interesting. You will find it quickly.

Shannon: Needless to say, I’m going to get my HAM radio license very soon. I was going to get it this weekend, and everyone told me to, but I was stuck in my vendor booth the entire time I was at Def Con so I couldn’t so it.

Fr. Robert: Well I mean, it’s a good thing. We saw you there and you were kind of awesome.

Shannon: Slightly busy. So you have something cool to show us too.

Fr. Robert: Yeah, I have a couple things. One of the things that I really enjoyed doing at Def Con was playing with the lock picks. And so what we’ve got, this is from Toool, this is a set of lock picks from their opening lock pick set.

Shannon: Those look familiar!

Fr. Robert: Toool is always at Def Con, they are always ready to teach. Now the theory behind lock picking is really, really simple. Brian, if you go ahead and go to my computer, this is what a lock looks like in a transparent case. Now when you put the key in, these tumblers that you can see, these pins, they will go up and down depending on the shape of the key. The idea is to match up the shear line on the pins with the shear line on the cylinders, so that you can actually turn it. This is what it looks like when it is in motion. See how when I remove this key, you’ll see the pins actually slide back down to where they were before they key is inserted into the lock. See how they slide back down.

Shannon: Ha-ha.

Fr. Robert: Yeah, exactly. So what you want, ultimately, when you put that key back in, you’ll see how all the pins line up, that’s what you want. Because now it means you are going to be able to turn the cylinder. Come back over to the table. This is the basis of lock picking.

Shannon: Got it.

Fr. Robert: There you go, yeah. Just stab it in there. This is the most simple one, and someone from playing before, oh, there we go, there’s the torsion bar, just put this into your hand, and you would put the…

Shannon: oh, I’m sorry I unlocked it.

Fr. Robert: You would put this into the lock, this torsion bar, and you would put a little bit of pressure, the idea is you want to keep some tension so as you poke the pin up it will stay up. And then you take the pick and you just lever yourself up so that you tap the pin, and once you tap that pin, it will open the lock.

Shannon: You did it!

Fr. Robert: Now this is a super easy, there’s just one.

Shannon: Just one.

Fr. Robert: But you can go to five pin, six pin, and then this nice little clear lock, to practice.

Shannon: So pretty. I think the best I have done is four pins, so far. I have trouble with five pins, they are so hard.

Fr. Robert: I can do six pin, but six pin will either take me twenty seconds or it will take me four minutes. And it’s very easy to get frustrated and start, like one of the things; I brought this for Bryan, Bryan has been playing with it. And both of us get frustrated when you’re tensioning it, and you let up the tension and you hear the pins fall back in and you’re like AHH! NO! GOD!

Shannon: No! So close!

Bryan: Unless you’re Burke and you bend the pins to your will.

Fr. Robert: Yeah, or you could be Burke, who thought it would be cool to just crank on it with a screwdriver and bend the pins. It did open the lock, but now I have to replace it.

Shannon: Now I know that a lot of people have questioned, I put a picture of these on Instagram, because I got some of these for my husband. And somebody said, “Those are a felony in California.” And I was like, “Ah-ah.” It is different for state to state so make sure you understand your state’s regulations, or your country, if you are overseas, before you actually purchase these. In California, in particular, you can have them, it’s totally fine to own them, as long as you don’t have any kind of criminal intent. They have to prove, in court, that you had criminal intent for it to be a felony or a misdemeanor.

Fr. Robert: Exactly. For example, in a while, in a few weeks, actually, we are going to show you, on Know How, exactly how you pick a lock, but I would say, and I’m going to say this during the episode, if you are doing this on a lock you don’t own you deserve to be in prison.

Shannon: Disclosure disclaimer!

Fr. Robert: And you will be. We will turn you in.

Shannon: He will.

Fr. Robert: It’s a learning tool. And again, this fits into the whole Def Con philosophy of you need to know what’s broken so you can fix it.

Shannon: Exactly.

Fr. Robert: There is no benefit of ignorance. So everything that we are showing you, from the SDR to the lock picking to the little hacking we are going to do and some of the programming on the better processors, it’s all about showing you the world that you live in so that you can be a bit more secure.

Shannon: Don’t be scurred.

Fr. Robert: Don’t be scurred.

Shannon: Oh I made it do a thing.

Fr. Robert: Oh that’s okay. Now let’s talk about something that I really, really like. This does get us into programming. This does get us into coding.

Shannon: Oh yeah.

Fr. Robert: And that is the Def Con badges.

Shannon: So every year they have a contest with the Def Con badges. Who can make the thing do the thing?

Fr. Robert: Yes, there are a couple of different contests. So there’s the Moding contest. This is what a badge looks like from Def Con twenty two and it’s actually that’s not it; this is its most pristine version. It’s just the circuitry. This is the lanyard that you hang over your neck. But this is the imbedded micro controller. And what it used to do, this one…

Shannon: Before you break it.

Fr. Robert: Before I break it. This one used to have a series of flashing lights that would go up and down, but more importantly, you could bring this in proximity with another badge…

Shannon: They would talk to each other.

Fr. Robert: They would synchronize, right. And they would sync; the cool thing about the syncing is as it would sync it would pass on a bit of information that you could use in the crypto challenge.

Shannon: Yeah, I remember that.

Fr. Robert: Now this is what we have from Def Con twenty two: this is for this year. This one right here, this is the badge that we just got at the conference last week. Now if you bring the lights down a little bit so we can see a little bit better, this is a simple micro controller that has some flashing lights. And as you touch these pads, the flashing lights start to do different things. Which is kind of cool, exactly. But you could make it stop, you could flash, all the cool things.

Shannon: So that’s what you can do just by plugging batteries into the back of it.

Fr. Robert: Right; and we showed these off in Know How, but there was something else about this. The part of the Def Con challenge is the crypto challenge. And the crypto challenge is all inclusive of the conference. They gave us this set of red glasses, at the very beginning, and people who came to the conference for the first time were like, “Why am I getting these?”

Shannon: Yes.

Fr. Robert: People who have been at the conference before where like, “Oh, they have to be part of the crypto challenge.” And if you went down the hallways, you could see certain signs, certain walls, the text would actually pop out of the background. Like for example, on this book, this is the Def Con program, and if you look through the pages, it looks totally normal under normal light, but as I look at this with the glasses, I can see that there is text that pops up on the top, that was actually part of the crypto challenge.

Shannon: That is so cool.

Fr. Robert: And it is a combination of knowledge gathering, and searching, and programming, that lets you solve it. Now let me show you one more part; I showed this of f on Know How earlier in this morning; I have to shut this one down.

Shannon: Ooh, I’m excited. So this is for the badge?

Fr. Robert: This is for the badge, right. So that connects me to the badge. I’m going to go ahead and jump into a program called Terra Terminal.

Shannon: Are you ready?

Fr. Robert: Here we go. And Brian, go ahead and jump over here. Oh there we go. So what I want to do is I want to connect the badge as it is, but it gives me this sort of just junk, right?

Shannon:  Okay, so you can’t really do much with that.

Fr. Robert: But f I have somebody on my team for this crypto challenge, I get to tap their knowledge. And their knowledge, oh I have seen this before, this is the kind of gibberish you would get if you were using an old school terminal, and you have the wrong terminal settings. So what I’m going to do, I’m going to go ahead and change the settings to something I know will actually work. I’m going to drop into the terminal, I’m going to change it from CR to CR and LF, that’s carriage return and line feed, I’m going to turn on the local echo, and then I’m going to go ahead and change the speed. When I change the speed on the serial port, it should start to communicate properly, like so.

Shannon: Oh, that’s awesome.

Fr. Robert: Right. And again, as we explained on Know How this morning, these are actually bits of text that you would see in the old Carpenter movie They Live. This was the subliminal advertising that the aliens put into signs and televisions.

Shannon: It’s like Big Brother. That’s’ awesome.

Fr. Robert: And it was the theme of the show. The theme of the show was question authority, question reality. But that’s not it. You also get this. Go ahead and go back to the window. If I touch the pads, I’m sorry, it’s the desk, if I touch the pads here, and go back to my computer, I can make those messages change to hints. And these were hints for solving the crypto challenge. And this would actually give you, if you did this correctly, it would give you a hint to find the URL that would lead you to the next part of the crypto challenge.

Shannon: That’s cool.

Fr. Robert: Very cool, but that’s not what we are here to talk about. What we are here to talk about is how we actually reprogram this thing. Let me show you what this looks like when I look at the source code. So this is a Propeller imbedded chip from Parallax. The source code for this was included on the Def Con CD.

Shannon: And everybody got a CD when they checked in.

Fr. Robert: Right. Everyone got a CD, so everyone had it. And this is what the code looked like for a human. So this is what gets pushed into the badge, and every badge had this code. Just looking through this, again, this is why it’s so important to comment; it’s super, super simplified. It’s not like C Sharp or Python or Perl, this is speaking directly to the imbedded processor. So you have to understand the language of the processor in order to make it work. However, there are a few things that are really easy to change. Like for example: this. This is all the code that determines what the lights do when you touch the pads.

Shannon: Cylon.

Fr. Robert: Right. So this is the Cylon. This tells me when I touch pad two plus one, it’s going to do; let me see if I can get the right combination…

Shannon: Do you need little fingers?

Fr. Robert: Yeah, little fingers please.

Shannon: These two?

Fr. Robert: I wanted the one going back and forth. There we go. So, drop the lights a little bit. This is the Cylon code. It just makes this light go back and forth, back and forth, right?

Shannon: That’s cool.

Fr. Robert: Okay, now go back and got to my code window and you will see it’s almost like writing Ask Me. It’s just got this one zero, zero one, zero zero one, right? So you can see the active bit, going back and forth.

Shannon: So it’s kind of like the one is the one that’s being lit up.

Fr. Robert: Right, and the rest is dark. And right here I have got the delay. So how fast is this going to go?

Shannon: Now is that in milliseconds?

Fr. Robert: Yes.

Shannon: Okay.

Fr. Robert: And I can go from zero to two hundred fifty five. Now here is the cool thing. I could, for example, here’s al little something something, a code snippet I wrote before. Take this, drop this in here.

Shannon: Oh you can change it.

Fr. Robert: Yeah. And I can reprogram the imbedded processor, like so, and now it’s much stronger. But now what I have done is I made it so it’s three lights that are lit up and they go all the way off the screen. And all I have to do is this: run, compile, and then I’m going to load it to the EPROM of the badge.

Shannon: Okay.

Fr. Robert: Okay, and that is going to stop.

Shannon: Oh, I can see it slowing.

Fr. Robert: And as soon as it’s done, we can go ahead, and let’s retrigger that event.

Shannon: There is goes. Oh that’s so cool.

Fr. Robert: See? So it’s three dots now, it’s going to go all the way to one side and off, it’s going to wait, and come back.

Shannon: That’s awesome!

Fr. Robert: And this isn’t just the imbedded controller. This is coding, this is programming. But it’s a different kind of programming because it’s very, very thin, there’s not a big compilate over the top of it, I’m not trying to make this interface with anything else, I’m just trying to control the devices that are attached to this micro controller.

Shannon: That’s very similar to something that I picked up this weekend.

Fr. Robert: Tell me about it.

Shannon: So this is a bracelet that I got from the DC 801 Club. It’s a group of guys who go to Def Con and they create really cool different hacks. So I haven’t gotten to play with this one either, quite yet, but it’s the same exact thing. It’s programming inside of hardware. So they have a chip inside of here, underneath, and then on top they have this screen, and what they do is they reset it with the little reset button over here, and then you can program each of these buttons to do something different. And you simply plug it in, and then it runs.

Fr. Robert: Yeah.

Shannon: So for this one, for this example, when I first received it, it just says “Dark matter.” So that’s the name of one of the DC 801 people that created this cool little hack. And he simply plugs it in with a lithium ion battery right here, writes the code for whatever he wants the screen to say, and then he can program each of the buttons.

Fr. Robert: That’s very cool. And again, that’s an imbedded device.

Shannon: Another thing I didn’t bring on the plane.

Fr. Robert: And another thing that Dark Tangent, he’s the creator of Def Con and he gets a big keynote every year. He started talking about the simplicity of how we live our electronic lives. He said we’re not going Amish. We’re not going to remove all the electronics we have got, but we have to start considering why we do things in a grandiose way, if we could do it much more simply. Instead of an Ethernet hub for connecting to computers, why couldn’t you run a direct cable if that’s all that you need?

Shannon:  Right.

Fr. Robert: Instead of designing a huge cloud API, if you really just want to store something, there’s a much better way to securely make sure that no one else can get their hands on it. And one of the big parts of that was, look; let’s start looking at imbedded devices.

Shannon: Yes.

Fr. Robert: Imbedded devices are so much harder to hack, especially since we know the code that goes into it, why are we not using more of those? I like that.

Shannon: He’s a brilliant man.

Fr. Robert: He is a brilliant man. If you go ahead and run the B roll that we have from Def Con; I also talked to Smitty.

Shannon: Smitty!

 Fr. Robert: Smitty is going to come on Coding 101 at some point…

Shannon: Awesome.

Fr. Robert: He’s going to teach us about imbedded programming. This was an imbedded device that he created for Def Con, for what he called the Dark Net. Now have you have ever read Daniel Suarez’s Daemon and Freedom? This is the same idea.

Shannon: Yes.

Fr. Robert: So it’s like an ORPG except instead of collecting items, you collect knowledge. And one of the bits of knowledge that you would collect is how to do this. You have to solder your kit together, and once you get this kit, you do what are called Dark Net Challenges.

Shannon: He’s got a nice soldering gun.

Fr. Robert: That’s a very good soldering iron. And then the kit would look something like this. And eventually, it would allow you to sync with other kits. So, for example, if you had an instructor at the lock picking village, you could bring your badge to him or her, once you are done learning how to pick locks, and they would synchronize their badges just like this.

Shannon: No way.

Fr. Robert: And now your badge contains that extra bit of achievement. And at the end of the conference, you can go back to the Dark Net and say, “These are all the challenges that I did.”

Shannon: Oh my gosh. It’s like being in Sky Room and learning about a lock pick there.

Fr. Robert: Yeah.

Shannon: You get achievements! Achievement unlocked!

Fr. Robert: You get achievements, and you are collecting knowledge. Because, again, that’s what Def Con is all about.  And we are going to have Smitty on the show at some point in the near future; we just have to make the schedules match. But he said he would do an entire module for us on programming imbedded devices.

Shannon: Yea! Oh, I’m so excited for that! It’s like Christmas!

Fr. Robert: That’s pretty much a wrap up of what we did at Def Con. I know you spent a lot of time at your booth. I spent a lot of time filming.

Shannon: I spent tons of time at my booth. Oh my gosh, that’s all I did.

Fr. Robert: But, it’s a crazy, wonderful place to go if you ever want to learn about pretty much anything. I mean, think about what we just covered.

Shannon: Yes.

Fr. Robert: Software Defined Radio.

Shannon: Just a few of the things…

Fr. Robert: Lock picking.

Shannon: I was able to talk to a girl who figured out that through a certain RF frequency, you can basically make your hairdryers power brick melt.

Fr. Robert: I saw that.

Shannon: Completely melt.

Fr. Robert: You can trigger a sympathetic residency, inside the hair dyer that will cause it to melt itself.

Shannon: Yes. And the War Kitty, that was funny.

Fr. Robert: We are going to have hacks. Oh, thank you. Now, that’s it for this episode of Coding 101. Next week, we start with another module, and guess what?

Shannon: What is it?

Fr. Robert: We’re bringing back an old favorite. We had a bunch of fans who were saying, “Okay, you know 101 is cool, but we would like to see something a bit more.” We have had three modules now where we learned all the basics: the loops and the if/then statements and how to deal with memory. So we’re going to go back to C Sharp, and we’re bringing Lou Maresca back on, he’s going to give us Coding 102, so you can take your C Sharp and actually do something a bit more interesting.

Shannon: Oh snap! I am ready! I can’t wait!

Fr. Robert: See what we do? We listen to you, and you told us, “Hey, this is good, but give us a little something-something we can use to move past that 101 level.” So stay tuned.

Shannon: Oh we’re going to have lots of fun.

Fr. Robert: That’s right; we have now un-deaded Lou. He’s totally not dead. And we’re bringing him back for Coding 101 starting next week.

Shannon: I am so excited for this.

Fr. Robert: Yeah, it’s going to be a lot of fun.

Shannon: Yea!

Fr. Robert: Until that time, drop by our show notes at our site, TWiT dot TV; I’m not sure why we’re continuing to wave the American flag; at TWiT dot TV slash C 101. That’s’ Coding 101. And you’re going to be able to find the notes; we’re actually going to give you the notes from this episode, so you can go to the various places. We will give you a link to where you can buy a Software Defined Radio, we’ll give you links so you can get one of Snub’s super ridiculous radios, and I’ll even give you the link to how we solved the Def Con crypto challenge.

Shannon: Yea! So fun!

 Fr. Robert: So fun.

Shannon: and of course, we are on iTunes, search for coding 101 in audio and video, and we also have RSS feeds and we’re also on YouTube. YouTube dot com slash TWiT Coding one zero one.

Fr. Robert: Don’t forget to check out our Google Plus community, there are a lot of people in there and they’re very, very smart, and they’re really willing to help. Unfortunately, our shortener no longer works, but make sure to go to Plus dot Google dot com slash TWiT Coding 101, and you will be able to ask your questions, you will be able to send us your coding examples, once we start the module, and you’ll be able to ask questions to Snubs about like, for example, how do I get that awful cool SDR, how do I start off?

Shannon: I will be happy to help you.

Fr. Robert: If you are not into the G Plus group, why not join us on Twitter?

Shannon: The twitters!

Fr. Robert: The twitters. You can find me at Twitter dot com slash Padre SJ, that’s at Padre SJ.

Shannon: And I’m at Snubs.

Fr. Robert: At Snubs, at Snubs. And don’t forget, that we do this show live, every week, on Thursdays, at one thirty PM Pacific time.  You can find us at live dot TWiT dot TV. And as long as you are watching live, jump into our live chat room at IRC dot TWiT dot TV and talk back to us.

Shannon: Say hello to us. Hello! I like smart folks, too. Thank you.

Fr. Robert: Fantastic. Until next time, I’m Father Robert Ballecer.

Shannon: I’m Shannon Morse.

Fr. Robert: End of line!